Fanji gasket and its types

The gasket is a sealing member that is placed between the two faces of the flange and is held using the compressive force of a set of screws that are located around the edge of the flange. Gaskets are made of different materials in different applications. Gaskets must be made and selected in such a way that they can survive in the fluid temperature and pressure during the time of their connection.

The three standards that are widely used for the design of gaskets include the following:

ASME B16.20

ASME B16.21

API 6A

Classification of gaskets by gender

1- Metal gasket

2- Semi-metallic gasket

3- Non-metallic gasket

Classification of gaskets according to the type of front flange

1- Flat gasket

2- Spiral gasket

3- Metal cover gasket

4- Ring gasket

ring gasket

This type of gasket is typically made of metal, usually soft steels and their alloys. These gaskets are forged rings designed to fit into the RTJ flange grooves. They are commonly used in locations where there is high pressure in the system. The sealing of these gaskets is based on the metal-to-metal contact (either the gasket itself or the ring) with the metal (flange groove). Care must be taken when placing the ring inside the groove to ensure that the groove is free of defects and protrusions to avoid damaging the surface of the ring.

In general, ring type gaskets are classified into four types:

  1. Type R – the most commonly used type.
  2. Type RX.
  3. Type BX.
  4. Type AX.

Type R gaskets come in two shapes:

  • Oval.
  • Octagonal with 8 sides.

Oval cross-sections are generally used for flat-faced or raised-face RTJ flanges. The octagonal cross-section is a variation of the oval and is used for better sealing. They are typically used for Class 1500 and higher, less commonly for Class 900. However, they are used for Class 150 to 2500.

Type RX gaskets are 7-sided and must fit perfectly into their corresponding grooves. These gaskets are wider than Type R gaskets. They are used for ring joint flanges up to Class 1500. Part of the asymmetric cross-section of these rings is designed to generate sealing pressure. The raised part of the ring contacts the flange grooves, allowing force to be applied to the outer part of the ring. These gaskets are used primarily for sealing in systems subject to impact and vibration loads.

Type BX gaskets are only used for flanges compliant with API 6A | Type BX standards, in Class 5000 to 15000 service. Their diameter is larger compared to other ring gaskets, even larger than the flange groove itself. This initial force causes a reaction and ultimately creates a reaction force that compresses the two flange faces together. These gaskets cannot be replaced with other types because the groove for BX rings is different from other grooves.

Semi-metallic gaskets are a combination of two or more metallic and non-metallic materials. The metal provides strength and rigidity, while the non-metallic part provides the sealing capability. These gaskets are used in Class 150 to 2500 applications. Types of semi-metallic gaskets include spiral-wound, jacketed, and covered gaskets.

  • Spiral-wound gaskets are made by winding a thin metal strip and a non-metallic filler material together. They are used in all classes from 150 to 2500.
  • Jacketed gaskets are a type of semi-metallic gasket where a non-metallic core is encased in a metallic shell. They are mainly used for valves and pumps up to Class 1500.
  • Covered gaskets have a non-metallic core covered with a metallic jacket. They are commonly used in the oil industry.

These gaskets are used in the oil and gas industry for various applications and provide effective sealing solutions.

Felt bowl and everything about it

Felting Gasket Structure

A felted gasket is composed of three parts: a spring, a cup-shaped metal washer, and an elastomer. It prevents fluid leakage and the entry of contaminants into mechanical components. The spring part at the edge of the elastomeric cup-shaped gaskets acts as a reinforcement to prevent the entry of foreign materials and contaminants into the device. The metal ring within the internal framework strengthens and reinforces the gasket, while the outer part of the gasket, usually made of nitrile rubber, is chosen based on consumer needs and environmental conditions, and it can be produced from other materials as well.

Application of Felting Gaskets

Felting gaskets serve as physical barriers to maintain the integrity of lubricating oil in their place, preventing oil leakage, and the entry of impurities and dust into the lubrication system. Essentially, by being placed against a bearing, they prevent the entry and exit of any substance or fluid. In general, felting gaskets are used in any place (such as valves, plugs, steering gears, gearboxes, car axle seals, etc.) where there is a rotating or moving part with the goal of preventing fluid leakage and the intrusion of dust and contaminants.

Types of Felting Gaskets

Felting gaskets are produced in various materials depending on their application, including resistance to wear, heat, cold, oil, acidic and alkaline substances, etc.

  • NBR Felting Gaskets: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) felting gaskets are the most common types, known for their high resistance to grease. They operate in a temperature range of -40 to 120+ degrees Celsius.
  • ACM Felting Gaskets: ACM (Acrylate and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber) is a combination of acrylic rubber and nitrile butadiene rubber. ACM felting gaskets have high resistance to oil and can withstand temperatures up to 150 degrees Celsius.
  • PolyUrethane Felting Gaskets: Polyurethane (P.U) felting gaskets are known for their high resistance to grease, wear, cracking, and tension. They are considered one of the most resistant common gaskets.
  • Silicon Felting Gaskets: Silicon felting gaskets, produced by Kimya Sanat, have unique properties, reducing oil absorption, wear, and consumption. They also have high-temperature resistance, ranging from 50 to 250+ degrees Celsius.
  • Viton Felting Gaskets: Viton felting gaskets have excellent heat resistance and can withstand temperatures up to 300+ degrees Celsius.
  • PTFE Felting Gaskets: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felting gaskets are suitable for high-temperature applications (320+ degrees Celsius), reduce friction, and have a long lifespan in specific cases.
  • EPDM Felting Gaskets: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) felting gaskets are made of ethylene propylene diene monomer material and have high resistance to acids, gases, corrosion, brackish water, ozone, UV radiation, and harsh weather conditions.

Types of rubber bumpers

The Necessity of Using Dampers and Shock Absorbers

In industrial and non-industrial equipment, friction or other factors often generate stress, shocks, and vibrations within the system. Without proper mitigation and control of these stresses or without providing solutions to reduce their intensity, the efficiency and lifespan of the system will decrease. In severe cases, serious damage can lead to system failure due to intensified vibrations.

To address these issues, dampers, shock absorbers, or dampers, which are mechanical or hydraulic devices designed to neutralize mechanical stresses and reduce the transmission of shocks to the structure and mechanism of a system or mechanical assembly, are used. They can be considered as a kind of energy dissipation system, converting kinetic energy of shocks into another form of energy, typically heat, which is then dissipated. Most dampers are a type of dashpot, a mechanical damper that resists motion and oscillation through viscous friction. The main difference between dampers, shock absorbers, or dampers is the duration and intensity of the stresses, pressures, and oscillations involved.

Rubber Shock Absorbers

Shock absorbers, used to reduce the range of impacts and minimize collision effects, come in various shapes, sizes, thicknesses, and materials such as steel, plastic, lightweight metal, and rubber, depending on the application and the pressure per unit area. However, rubber shock absorbers are more common because rubber has relatively high shear modulus. When stress and shock resulting from vibrations are applied to rubber materials, they can absorb more stress and vibration before yielding, deforming, or transmitting vibrations. Rubber shock absorbers typically consist of three parts: high-elasticity rubber, a metal plate for strength enhancement, and sometimes woven fibers and fabric to preserve the rubber structure against severe impacts and vibrations.

Applications of Rubber Shock Absorbers

Rubber shock absorbers are used in a wide range of industrial and non-industrial applications to reduce motion and vibration against impacts that create noise and can cause initial equipment damage. They offer a cost-effective way to provide rubber isolation for many different applications. Rubber shock absorbers provide an excellent method for protecting and isolating two surfaces and equipment from intense impact. They are used in applications including electronics, aerospace, healthcare, construction, transportation, defense, and more. One of the most common uses of rubber shock absorbers is to protect doors or vehicle bodies from damage and impact resulting from collisions.

Types of Rubber Used in Rubber Shock Absorbers

  • Natural Rubber (NR)
  • Synthetic rubber such as SBR, CR, or Neoprene, EPDM, Nitrile, Silicone, Polysulfide, Urethane, Polyurethane, and Butyl

Advantages of Rubber Shock Absorbers

  • Protect surfaces from impact and vibration while providing ventilation
  • Protect safety-related equipment such as headlights, taillights, and parking lights
  • Control and reduce vibration in equipment
  • Provide resilient resistance
  • Sound absorption capability
  • Shock, vibration, and harshness resistance
  • Isolation of shock and vibrations
  • Easy installation
  • Reduced thermal loss
  • Minimization of collision effects during accidents through impact absorption or mitigation
  • Can be produced in desired colors

Types of Rubber Shock Absorbers

  • Bolted Shock Absorber (Double End Bolt, Single End Bolt)
  • Nut Shock Absorber (Single End Nut, Double End Nut)
  • Circular/Elliptical/Square/Rectangular Shock Absorber
  • D-Shaped Shock Absorber
  • Accordion Shock Absorber
  • Neoprene Shock Absorber
  • Wall Shock Absorber
  • Industrial Shock Absorber
  • Industrial Shock Absorber

Industrial Shock Absorbers

Industrial shock absorbers are used to absorb mechanical vibrations and shocks generated by diesel, electric, gasoline engines, gearboxes, industrial pumps, as well as machinery and equipment mechanisms. They are also used in structures, bridges, towers, and more to receive vibrations and mechanical stresses. Industrial shock absorbers are widely used in various industries, including automotive, maritime, railway, aerospace, road construction, bridge construction, petrochemical, textile, and utilities.

Advantages of Industrial Shock Absorbers

  • Prevent excessive vibrations in pumps and production machinery
  • Prevent vibrations and shocks on pipeline systems
  • Prevent errors on computational devices’ outputs
  • Provide cushioning resistance
  • Sound absorption capability
  • Impact, vibration, and shock resistance
  • Electric shock resistance
  • Easy installation and replacement

Types of Industrial Shock Absorbers

  • Bridge Shock Absorber
  • Building Shock Absorber
  • Automotive Industrial Shock Absorber
  • Roller Shock Absorber
  • Dock Shock Absorber
  • Column Shock Absorber
  • Under Press Impact Shock Absorber
  • Elevator Shock Absorber
  • Under Industrial Machinery Shock Absorbers
  • Shock Absorbers for Pumps and Centrifuges
  • Dock and Loading Platform Shock Absorbers
  • Dock and Loading Platform Shock Absorbers